These targeted profibrotic cytokines from immune cells include TNFα, IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐6, IL‐1, TGFβ, FGF, IFN‐γ, and IL‐1α.[45, 229] Although most of these drugs have entered clinical phases II and III, only Pirfenidone improved lung function and slowed down the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in IPF patients. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.