While a lower prevalence of DRB1*0301, *0303, *14 (89, 90), DPB1*0101 (91), and DQB1*06 (92) alleles has been suggested to confer protection against chronic infection, a higher frequency of DRB1*0103, *0402, *08, *1301, 1302, 1503 (7, 91, 93), DQB1*0501 (89), and DPB1*0401 (91) alleles has been associated with the recognition of antigens that can trigger cardiac damage, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure in chronic Chagas disease. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DPB1 and cardiac arrhythmia.