HLA-DPB1 and Arrhythmia: While a lower prevalence of DRB1*0301, *0303, *14 (89, 90), DPB1*0101 (91), and DQB1*06 (92) alleles has been suggested to confer protection against chronic infection, a higher frequency of DRB1*0103, *0402, *08, *1301, 1302, 1503 (7, 91, 93), DQB1*0501 (89), and DPB1*0401 (91) alleles has been associated with the recognition of antigens that can trigger cardiac damage, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure in chronic Chagas disease.