In 2024, Professor Yi Zhang’s team discovered that the PD-1 signaling pathway inhibits phospholipid phosphorylation (PLPP1) expression through the Akt–GATA1 pathway to inhibit PLPP1 expression, leading to impaired phospholipid metabolism, reduced anti-tumor capacity, and increased iron death in CD8+ T cells. Here, AKT1 is linked to neoplasm.