Univariate logistic regression results indicated that gender, classification of DR, history of hypertension, history of stroke, smoking history, duration of smoking, systolic blood pressure, BMI, fibrinogen (FIB), albumin (ALB), TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, residual cholesterol, AI, API, AIP, TyG index, and free triiodothyronine were statistically significant (P < 0.05), as shown in Supplementary Table 4. Here, ALB is linked to Hypertension.