TGFB1 and Crohn disease: Importantly, a previous DNA methylation analysis of Crohn’s disease-associated fibrosis revealed that DNA methylation of the PTGIS gene is a fibrosis-specific event.59 DNA methylation might drive fibrosis by silencing antifibrotic genes, and TGF-β can promote fibrosis by inducing global alterations in DNA methylation and epigenetic downregulation of antifibrotic genes.60–62 Thus, TGF-β-induced epigenetic inhibition could account for our finding that TGF-β suppresses PTGIS gene transcription in intestinal fibroblasts.