STAT3 and cancer: The JAK2-STAT3 pathway is frequently constitutively activated in various cancers, including breast (K Banerjee and H Resat 2016), gastric (Kanda et al. 2004), prostate (Ni et al. 2000), and pancreatic cancer (Lian et al. 2004), leading to tumor progression, survival, treatment resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion (Hu et al. 2024).