Multiple factors contribute to mitochondrial complex I dysfunction, affecting energy metabolism and exacerbating oxidative stress, which damages neurons, and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy is disturbed by mutations in PD-associated genes and aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes, imbalances in mitochondrial dynamics, and aberrant interactions with other organelles, which all contribute to the progression of PD [159]. Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.