All LN patients underwent testing for urinary MCP-1 (uMCP-1), urinary VCAM-1 (uVCAM-1), urinary α1-microglobulin (u-α1MG), urinary β2-microglobulin (u-β2MG), urinary IgG (u-IgG), and urinary albumin (u-ALB), as well as a percutaneous renal biopsy. Here, VCAM1 is linked to lobular neoplasia.