ALB and lobular neoplasia: Therefore, this study aimed to identify differences between novel urinary biomarkers (i.e., uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1) and traditional LN urinary biomarkers (i.e., u-α1MG, u-β2MG, u-IgG, u-ALB) in LN patients and healthy individuals to determine their diagnostic efficacy for LN and for assessing LN activity.