This pathway is known to upregulate the expression of oncogenes such as c‐Myc and Bcl‐2 while enhancing the production of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), thereby creating a tumor‐promoting microenvironment [47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.