As such, psychological interventions tailored to the unique needs of cancer patients offer significant potential in alleviating psychological distress, improving quality of life, and influencing immune function, as demonstrated by changes in physiological (reduced heart rate and heart rate variability) [229, 230] and immunological biomarkers (changes in lymphoproliferation and cytokine production [IL6, TNF‐α, IL‐10] [228, 235, 236, 237, 238], decreased serum cortisol and leptin levels, increased NK cell activity, and telomere length stabilization) [216, 219, 221, 222, 224, 231, 235]. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.