INS and Alzheimer disease: Accelerated aging (Thomas et al., 2022); proinflammatory NF-κB signaling (Pan et al., 2011); and metabolic dysfunction/deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation; anaerobic glycolysis (Piers et al., 2020); and glial insulin resistance (Alassaf and Rajan, 2023) disrupt Aβ phagocytosis, contributing to AD disease progression.