IL13RA2 and neoplasm: Therapeutically, while multi-targeted approaches such as CART-EGFR-IL13Rα2 cells have achieved measurable tumor reduction in clinical trials (167), and DC vaccines combined with anti-PD-1 therapy (nivolumab) show survival benefits in rGBM (NCT02529072) (168), these strategies face inherent limitations due to tumor plasticity.