MMP9 and neoplasm: Differential cytokine expression analysis revealed an upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MMP-9, and MCP-1 (CCL2) in JX14P TAMs and a downregulation of IL-4 and IL-13 relative to M2 macrophages (Fig. 3C), suggesting that JX14P TAMs may have a higher capacity for tumor-promoting inflammation, monocyte recruitment, and invasion relative to M2 TAMs.