Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) were detected in all genes covered, including known CAC drivers Trp53, Kras and Smad44, but also several genes associated with the IL-17 pathway (Il17rc, Il17ra, Pigr) and chromatin remodellers Arid1a and Bcor commonly found mutated in the non-dysplastic colonic epithelium of IBD patients1–3 (Fig. 3b, Supplementary Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene PIGR and inflammatory bowel disease.