SHBG and polycystic ovary syndrome: Rudnicka et al. demonstrated that leptin was inversely correlated with SHBG, indicating a strong link between leptin-induced hyperinsulinemia and androgen excess, and Kałużna et al. observed that women with PCOS and central obesity exhibited the highest leptin levels, reinforcing the role of visceral adiposity in leptin dysregulation [24,39].