IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Rahimi et al. [14] and Daan et al. [38] observed a strong correlation between IL-1β and oxidative stress markers, whereas Shen et al. [25] found that obese PCOS patients exhibited markedly higher IL-1β levels, while lean PCOS patients showed moderate elevations, suggesting a synergistic relationship between obesity and IL-1β-driven inflammation [14,25,38].