TNF and polycystic ovary syndrome: Additionally, other key inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin-18 (IL-18), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), leptin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), can also provide insight into the inflammatory status and overall metabolic health of PCOS patients.