TNF and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, to fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated and evaluated the therapeutic effects of L. tanakae on AD using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (TNF-α/IFN-γ)-stimulated human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of AD.