CTLA4 and neoplasm: Analysis of TCR-seq data from tumors and TDLNs revealed that under dual treatment with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4, initial/central memory CD4+ T cells at the site of the TDLNs were recruited, and differentiated and expanded under anti-CTLA-4 treatment, thereby transforming into Teff to achieve tumor cell killing.