CTLA4 and neoplasm: For example, in human HNSCC patients treated with anti-PD-L1 showed a closer spatial localization of Tpex and DCs in uiLNs [57], which further validates the importance of DCs and antitumor T cells interactions in the treatment of ICIs; and in melanoma, activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits CD103+ DCs and T cells from entering the tumor, but by injecting bone marrow-derived DCs into the tumor site, T cell recruitment can be promoted, making the tumor more sensitive to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 monotherapy [94, 95].