AR and diabetes mellitus: This process leads to excessive accumulation of intracellularreactive oxygen species (ROS) in various tissues of diabetes mellitus(DM) including the neurons, eyes, heart, vasculature, and kidneys.This critical role of AR is not only limited to the pathogenesis ofDM, but has also become an important target for understanding themechanisms of many diseases and developing therapeutic strategies.22 Accordingly, the search for inhibitors of α-GLYand AR has the potential to provide effective therapeutic approachesfor diabetes and related complications (Scheme 1).