S100A9 and juvenile polyposis syndrome: Consequently, the evaluation of numerous novel synovial markers, including calprotectin (Peng et al., 2022), interleukin-6 (Mihalic et al., 2020), S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) (Xu et al., 2023), lactate glucose ratio (Berthoud et al., 2020), D-lactate (Karbysheva et al., 2020), and α-Defensin (Zeng et al., 2021) for diagnosing PJI has been undertaken.