The 43 patients with MDA5+ DM were stratified into subgroups based on predefined biomarker abnormality thresholds: (1) cytokine-abnormal group (23.3%, 10/43) vs. cytokine-normal group (76.7%, 33/43); (2) inflammatory marker-positive group (48.8%, 21/43) vs. inflammatory marker-negative group (51.2%, 22/43); and (3) NT-proBNP-normal group (20.9%, 9/43) vs. NT-proBNP-abnormal group (79.1%, 34/43). Here, NPPB is linked to diabetes mellitus.