In a unilateral ureteral obstruction model, STAT3 was activated, while a STAT3 inhibitor inhibited the activation and fibrosis of renal interstitial fibroblasts, indicating that the increase in STAT3 activity mediated the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and the progression of renal fibrosis [17]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is Ureteral obstruction.