Non-lesional psoriatic skin overexpresses VEGF isoforms such as VEGF-A, VEGFR3, and sNRP1.610,611 VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 are upregulated in psoriatic lesions, while VEGF-C, in conjunction with nerve growth factor (NGF), has been implicated in disease development.612 Preclinical models highlight the role of VEGF in psoriasis pathogenesis (Fig. 9). This evidence concerns the gene FLT4 and psoriasis.