VEGFA and cancer: Furthermore, microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues indirectly reflects VEGF activity and correlates with poor outcomes in cancers such as breast and colorectal cancer.670,671 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) also serve as indicators of vascular repair and VEGF activity, with reduced EPC levels linked to impaired angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases.672–674