NGF and psoriasis: Non-lesional psoriatic skin overexpresses VEGF isoforms such as VEGF-A, VEGFR3, and sNRP1.610,611 VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 are upregulated in psoriatic lesions, while VEGF-C, in conjunction with nerve growth factor (NGF), has been implicated in disease development.612 Preclinical models highlight the role of VEGF in psoriasis pathogenesis (Fig. 9).