This is partly due to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which contribute to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CD8+ T cell) dysfunction, thereby creating a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates immune evasion [7]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.