LYZ-mediated gut microbiota regulation highlights preventive potential, where dietary interventions (e.g., lysozyme-fortified probiotics) may disrupt the “Fusobacterium nucleatum-lysozyme-tumor microenvironment” axis, and preoperative recombinant lysozyme supplementation may mitigate chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage in elderly patients. The gene discussed is LYZ; the disease is neoplasm.