However, the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme does not produce ROS; the source of these toxic species awaits elucidation, but it is clear that ROS and Ca2+ are undoubtedly involved in ethanol-induced AP, reinforced by the amylase secretion by acinar cells [74].4.Hypertriglyceridemia-induced: Lindkvist et al. have reported that the risk of AP was about 5% when serum TG level > 1000 mg/dl and increased dramatically up to 10–20% when the serum TG level > 2000 mg/dl [75]. The gene discussed is AKR1A1; the disease is alkaline phosphatase measurement.