They found that these immune-suppressed tumour samples had upregulated A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4), collagen chains alpha-1(IV) (COL4A1) and alpha-2 (IV) (COL4A2), stromelysin-1 (MMP3) and osteopontin (SPP1), but the source of these dysregulated proteins, which are likely a CAF subpopulation, remains uncharacterised (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.