There have also been reports of NDRG1 playing a potential pro-oncogenic role in esophageal cancer (18), breast cancer (19, 20, 21), osteosarcoma (22), bladder cancer (23), hepatocellular cancer (24, 25, 26), gastric cancer (27), and non-small cell lung cancer (28). This evidence concerns the gene NDRG1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.