PARP1 and cancer: In light of this preclinical data, the synergistic effect of the combination of PARP and PD-1 inhibition has been evaluated in clinical trials in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), endometrial cancer, and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; refs. 10–12), and clinical trials remain underway in cervical cancer (NCT04068753) and other cancer types.