Therefore, F.s is not an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium as R.f. However, we notice a significant increase (P = 0.0196) of colorectal CD4+ T cells and a non-significant increase (P = 0.0534) of colorectal CD8+ T cells in F.s-implanted mice under AOM/DSS treatment (Fig. S4C and D). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infectious otitis media.