C9 and frontotemporal dementia: RAN translation was first described in 2011 and reported for Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 8 (SCA8) linked to CAG triplet expansion (Zu et al., 2011) and in other repeat expansion-related disorders (REDs), such as Huntington’s disease (HD; Bañez-Coronel et al., 2015), C9orf72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD; Mori et al., 2013; Ash et al., 2013), which correlate to CAG and GGGGCC repeats expansions, respectively.