F. nucleatum promoted ESCC progression via the NOD1/RIPK2/NF-κB pathway.108 Moreover, F. nucleatum promoted early ESCC development by upregulating the IL-32/PRTN3 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.92F. nucleatum accelerated cell proliferation by activating the AHR/CYP1A1 signaling pathway in ESCC.109 Intracellular F. nucleatum infection increases METTL3 transcription. The gene discussed is AHR; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.