CD163 and neoplasm: Studies on CAR-MAC phenotype persistence are limited, but recent in vitro findings suggest that CD3ζ-CAR-MACs show a reduced M1 polarization after 7 days of tumor exposure, while second-generation CAR-MACs with a specific intracellular activation domain (CD3ζ-TIR-CAR-MACs) showed enhanced M1 polarization.77 Additionally, these CD3ζ-TIR-CAR-MACs exhibit the strongest resistance to M2 conversion, maintaining low CD163 levels.