TGFB1 and neoplasm: In contrast, M2 macrophages have important roles in regulating anti-inflammatory responses, promoting wound healing, and expressing pro-tumor properties (33).M2 macrophages, stimulated by IL-4 and IL-13, secrete IL-10, TGF-β, and chemokines, which are involved in the remodeling of the tumor stroma and promote angiogenesis and tumor cell infiltration, thereby accelerating tumor progression (34, 35).