Examples of significant HOGs which did not overlap with VFDB and may be potential novel pathogenicity determinants for their shared domains with PathFams include Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (Table 3 and previously mentioned in section 3.3); Ribonuclease E inhibitor RraA, which modulates RNase E activity and can potentially affect RNA stability and gene regulation during infection (Chen et al., 2024) (Table 3); and LptD, a key component of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis which has an indirect role in bacterial virulence (Bertani and Ruiz, 2018). The gene discussed is PPP1R8; the disease is infection.