The M2 phenotypes are, on the other hand, stimulated by IL-4 and IL-13 to produce and secrete growth factors such as VEGF and TGF-β, MMPs and other cytokines such as IL-10, IL-13 and IL-4, and in that way contribute to increased proliferation of tumor cells and angiogenesis in the TME. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.