ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Previous studies on the association between PD-L1 expression and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) in patients with ALK-rearranged advanced NSCLC treated with ALK TKIs found that high PD-L1 expression was associated with shorter PFS or OS (Zhang et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2022; Tian et al., 2023).