Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic effects against NSCLC (Borghaei et al., 2015; Brahmer et al., 2015; Reck et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.