Elevated levels of ALCAM were observed in both serum (this study) and urine (49) of LN patients compared to healthy controls; (3) VCAM-1, a member of the integrin and immunoglobulin superfamily, is induced on endothelial cells in response to inflammatory cytokines, binds to integrin partners on leukocytes, and is elevated in the urine of LN patients (50). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is lobular neoplasia.