The CellTrek mapping analysis successfully demonstrated the spatial locations of mCAFs, iCAFs, me CAFs, ap CAFs, CD8+ Tex cells and Tem/Teffe cells in HCC tumour sections, which indicated abundant infiltrations of iCAFs, CD8+ Tex cells and Tem/Teffe cells in the tumour microenvironment (Figure 5A,F,K,P). Here, CD8A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.