The results demonstrated 3 plasma proteins, including vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1), insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3) that were overlapping proteins between the HF-progressors and independent community-based cohort (HFpEF vs control) (Fig. 2B, C). This evidence concerns the gene IGF2 and hydrops fetalis.