Given that the population of interest in clinical practice is cirrhosis and that the cfDNA amount from plasma samples is limited, we selected the top-5 DMMs in liver tissues from the cirrhotic group with high AUC values ranging from 0.842 to 0.957 for further analysis: TSPYL5, BOP1, SPAG6, NRIP3, and FOXD3 (Fig. 4A). Here, TSPYL5 is linked to Cirrhosis.