Further validation by qMSP in a larger cohort consisting of 54 non-cirrhotic HCC livers compared to 36 samples with non-cirrhotic liver disease (Supplementary Table 2) showed higher methylation levels for all DMMs tested, except for NKX3-2 and GRASP (Fig. 3E). Here, NKX3-2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.