In vitro, ferroptosis in RPE cells and 661 W photoreceptor cells has been induced by various stimuli, such as H2O2 (Neiteler et al. 2023), interferon-γ (Wei et al. 2022), and atRAL (Yang et al. 2024a); these findings have been corroborated in animal models with dry AMD-like phenotypes, including sodium iodate-induced AMD and Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− mice (Tang et al. 2021b; Xiang et al. 2024). Here, ABCA4 is linked to dry age related macular degeneration.