Elevated serum Gal-3 levels are associated with an increased risk of developing CKD in individuals from the Framingham Heart Study Cohort (Kannel et al. 1979; O'Seaghdha et al. 2013), and are inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic heart failure (Tang et al. 2011). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and congestive heart failure.