Among other important pathways and processes are apoptosis, HIF-1, mTOR, TNF, JAK-STAT, VEGF, and FoxO signaling (Fig. 4b), and pathways named after several cancer types and other diseases and infections (e.g. Epstein-Barr and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virus infections). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and infection.