TNF and Alzheimer disease: The results indicated that FIR light notably ameliorated the cognitive impairments of the AD mice, reduced both Aβ deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation at sites of Thr205, Ser369, Ser404, and Thr181, suppressed the release of TNF-α and IL-1β, attenuated the ratios of p-Jak-2/Jak-2 and p-Stat3/Stat3, while increased the protein levels of IL-4, Nrf-2, and HO-1 in the brains of TgCRND8 mice.