A tendency toward higher serum and urinary calcium concentrations due to altered CaSR signaling that mirrors CaSR-associated hyperparathyroidism phenotypes (32, 38) would act in tandem to increase the likelihood of plaque formation and may provide mechanistic insight into the occurrence of Randall’s plaques and kidney stones in the absence of overt hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. This evidence concerns the gene CASR and hypercalcemia disease.