AGT and hypertensive nephropathy: In addition, it has been found that the activity of the Nrf2 pathway is regulated by PTEN, and PTEN deficiency exacerbates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive nephropathy, suggesting that PTEN affects renal pathological changes by regulating the infiltration and activation of medullary cells (Rojo et al., 2014; An et al., 2022).