BDNF and insomnia measurement: Furthermore, EA also exerts its anti-insomnia effects by influencing various neurotransmitters, such as endogenous melatonin, inflammatory mediators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as GABA and glutamate in the central nervous system (3, 23, 42–44).