LTF and inflammatory bowel disease: In this study, quantitative estimation of fecal lactoferrin was performed across all three groups using the same method as previous studies by Walker et al., Sidhu et al., and Kane et al. [10,12,13]. Our results align with these studies, demonstrating significantly elevated fecal lactoferrin levels in IBD patients compared to IBS and healthy controls, reinforcing its utility as a biomarker for distinguishing inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel conditions [10,12,13].