Furthermore, the normal nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in transactive response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP) is a general pathogenic factor in ALS that is mislocalized to the cytoplasm, forming a ubiquitin-positive complex that is with hyperphosphorylated (Prasad et al., 2019; Chen, 2021). Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.