NDUFA1 and Sepsis: To validate the expression levels of the identified acetylation-related biomarker genes BLOC1S1, NDUFA1, and SFT2D1, we established a sepsis model in THP-1-derived macrophages by treating cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for differentiation, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (Figure 10A).